Cholesterol & Lipids Test Extensive

Symptoms of high cholesterol:
High cholesterol and Lp(a) itself does not produce any noticeable symptoms. The only way to know if you have it is through a blood test.

While high cholesterol itself does not cause symptoms, long-term high cholesterol can lead to heart disease, stroke, or atherosclerosis in other blood vessels. These conditions can cause symptoms that include left-sided chest pain, pressure, or fullness; dizziness; slurred speech; or pain in the lower legs.

A silent risk

Many people do not know they have high Lp(a) until they encounter heart problems, such as:

• A heart attack at a young age
• A stroke with no clear cause
• Early-onset cardiovascular disease
• Artery blockages despite a healthy lifestyle

Cholesterol
Cholesterol is produced in the liver and is found in every cell of the body. There are two types of cholesterol: one in the form of HDL (high-density cholesterol) and LDL (low-density cholesterol). HDL and LDL are also known as “good and bad” cholesterol. HDL is also referred to as the ‘good’ cholesterol and LDL is known as the ‘bad’ cholesterol.

HDL
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is a type of lipoprotein found in the blood. It is often referred to as “good cholesterol” because it helps remove other types of cholesterol from the bloodstream. This helps to prevent the buildup of excess cholesterol in the arteries, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of the arteries) and cardiovascular diseases.

Having higher levels of HDL in the blood is generally considered beneficial for heart health, as it helps to counteract the negative effects of LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol, often referred to as “bad cholesterol.” Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and not smoking can help increase HDL levels. To learn more about HDL, and which levels of HDL are considered normal/healthy, we recommend you to check out our article “What is HDL?”.

LDL
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is often referred to as “bad cholesterol” because elevated levels of LDL can lead to the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries. When there is excess LDL in the bloodstream, it can deposit cholesterol on the arterial walls, forming plaques. Over time, this can narrow and block the arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes.

High LDL levels are often associated with an unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and other factors related to an unhealthy lifestyle. Lowering LDL cholesterol through lifestyle changes, medications, or a combination of both can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and improve overall heart health.

Lipoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein(a), also known as Lp(a), is a fat-like particle found in the blood. It is similar to LDL cholesterol (the “bad” cholesterol), but it has an extra protein structure attached to it called apolipoprotein(a). The amount of Lp(a) in the blood is mostly determined by your genes and stays fairly constant throughout life.

High levels of Lp(a) in the blood can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries (atherosclerosis), as it promotes the formation of blockages and can interfere with the breakdown of blood clots. This increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke.

Unlike other types of cholesterol, Lp(a) is not easily influenced by diet, exercise, or standard cholesterol-lowering medications. If levels are elevated, doctors may focus more intensively on managing other risk factors—like blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, or lifestyle habits—to reduce overall risk.

HDL% of total cholesterol

HDL% of total cholesterol refers to the percentage of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in relation to the total cholesterol present in the blood. Cholesterol is carried in the bloodstream by different types of lipoproteins, including HDL and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). HDL is considered “good cholesterol” because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the arteries and transports it back to the liver for processing and elimination. A higher HDL% of total cholesterol indicates a relatively higher proportion of protective HDL cholesterol in the blood compared to total cholesterol. This is generally considered beneficial for heart health, as it helps counteract the negative effects of LDL cholesterol, often referred to as “bad cholesterol.” A higher HDL% is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart attacks and strokes.

Triglycerides
Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood. They are the most common form of fat in the human body and serve as a source of energy for various bodily functions. When you eat, your body converts the calories it doesn’t need into triglycerides, which are then stored in fat cells. Between meals, hormones release triglycerides for energy, ensuring a continuous supply of fuel for various metabolic processes.

While triglycerides are essential for normal body function, elevated levels can pose health risks. Elevated triglycerides, along with high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol, are considered risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Lifestyle changes, including adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management, can help maintain triglyceride levels within a healthy range and reduce the risk of cardiovascular problems.

How to prevent high cholesterol
There are certain ways to prevent high cholesterol. These include but are not limited to:

• A healthy and varied diet.
• Limiting products that contain saturated fats.
• Eating as little salt as possible.
• Limiting your alcohol consumption to a maximum of one glass per day.
• Stopping smoking.
• Making sure you exercise regularly

How high should cholesterol be?

In men and women, total cholesterol should be less than 5.18 mmol/l. HDL should be greater than 0.91 mmol/l in men and greater than 1.17 mmol/l in women. LDL should be less than 3.37 mmol/l and triglycerides should be less than 2.28 mmol/l in men and women.

How high should Lp(a) be?